In sociology, the functionalist perspective examines how societys parts operate. Imagine that you walk into a bank hoping to get a small loan for school, a home, or a small business venture. Imagine that you walk into a bank hoping to get a small loan for school, a home, or a small business venture. In this theory, Cooley argued that an individuals perception of himself or herself is based primarily how society views him or her. In response to this phenomena, the sociologist Charles H. Cooleys developed the theory of the looking-glass self (1902). All of these properties of religious group membership combine to produce higher suicide rates among Protestants than among Catholics. Gender inequality is associated with social construction of masculinity and femininity as oppositional categories with unequal social value (Ferree, 1999). (Wikipedia, 2015). Supporters of this idea say, glass is clear so those forced under this ceiling would probably not even notice, at first, they were under such a restriction. symbolic interactionism and gender inequality. 
Microsociologists examine the interaction of small groups of people, such as the two women conversing here. As they interact, they negotiate their definitions of the situations in which they find themselves and socially construct the reality of these situations. This analysis strives to explain how peoples social standing affects their everyday interactions. People were divided into two main groups: they either owned factories or worked in them. 
The theory posits that social stratification represents the inherently unequal value of different work. During the nineteenth-century era of industrialization, Marx believed social stratification resulted from peoples relationship to production. As this interaction occurs, individuals negotiate their definitions of the situations in which they find themselves and socially construct the reality of these situations. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. WebInequality and Social Mobility in Symbolic Interactionism Michael Schwalbe and five others present a theory of critical interactionism on how inequalities are created in society, and these can also be related to social mobility. Symbolic interactionism uses everyday interactions of individuals to explain society as a whole. I, also, cared about this issue because it affects women socially, politically and economically. People construct their roles as they interact; they do not merely learn the roles that society has set out for them. Subjective meanings are given primacy because it is believed that people behave based on what they believe and not just on what is objectively true. Symbolic interactionism aims to understand human behavior by analyzing the critical role of symbols in human interaction. Golding, W. (1954). The different but complementary nature of these two approaches can be seen in the case of armed robbery. However, history has not supported their prediction that capitalism will inevitably result in a revolution of the proletariat. Thus various aspects of American society and ideology have helped minimize the development of class consciousness and prevent the revolution that Marx and Engels foresaw. This is certainly relevant to the discussion of masculinity and femininity, because the characteristics and practices of both are socially constructed, reproduced, and reinforced through daily interactions. Conflict theory emphasizes social inequality and suggests that far-reaching social change is needed to achieve a just society. I will even admit when I first read the story I thought that the surgeon was male, despite knowing that there are female surgeons. Such as in Africa they have high discrimination in social institutions, due to how their government is run. 
citation tool such as, Authors: Tonja R. Conerly, Kathleen Holmes, Asha Lal Tamang. Our chapter explores the contributions of symbolic interactionism as a theoretical perspective in sociological studies of emotions. These actions that burden women bring on a psychological effect such as oppression. They are told every day that men will always have an advantage over them based on the field they choose to be in. Many women are looked down upon when it comes to certain career paths. Coleman, J. S. (1990). Our eyes help us see, our ears help us hear, our heart circulates our blood, and so forth. This is despite the fact that his colleagues wife is a doctor and his daughter-in-law is a physician as well. In this case, the conflict concerns gender inequality rather than the class inequality emphasized by Marx and Engels. This is a social problem I find compelling due to the impact it has on society. Symbolic interactions has a lot to do with how we view the world around us. WebSymbolic interactionism provides a helpful theoretical framework for examining these and other issues concerning the relationship between gender and conversational power (Enholm 1980; Drass 1986).2 The promise of symbolic interactionism lies in its ability, particularly through its models of the social person and the social act, to specify linkages Imagine, for example, that you walk into a bank, hoping to get a small loan for school, a home, or a small business venture. Gilman was an evolutionist theorist; her point of view helps me explain how gender inequality came about and how women are viewed during the late. In 1953, Melvin Tumin argued that it does not explain inequalities in the education system or inequalities due to race or gender. Symbolic interactionism aims to understand human behavior by analyzing the critical role of symbols in human interaction. WebWe focus on how an interactionist analysis of emotions has added immeasurably to our understanding of social interaction and, in particular, of social inequality. Lowenstein, G. (1996). Personally, I came to care for this issue because it involves human rights of women. Creative Commons Attribution License It uses the human body as a model for understanding society. Symbolic Interactionism is a theoretical framework in sociology that describes how societies are created and maintained through the repeated actions of individuals (Carter and Fuller, 2015). This is certainly relevant to the discussion of masculinity and femininity. For example, when the educational attainment increases the gender pay decreases for women no matter what levels of education than men. Our mission is to improve educational access and learning for everyone. As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases. This is certainly relevant to the discussion of masculinity and femininity, because the characteristics and practices of both are socially constructed, reproduced, and reinforced through daily interactions. Scholars of interactionism study how individuals act within society and believe that meaning is produced through interactions. WebInequality and Social Mobility in Symbolic Interactionism Michael Schwalbe and five others present a theory of critical interactionism on how inequalities are created in society, and these can also be related to social mobility. In addition, these are all generalized views and information that is passed down from families, culture and the media we view. Both masculinity and feminity are performed gender identities, in the sense that gender is something we do or perform, not something we are . In other words, women earn 77cents for every dollar man earn and put in their pocket (Benokraitis, 2010, p.160-161). Chapter 22: Conclusion: Understanding and Changing the Social World, Chapter 1: Sociology and the Sociological Perspective, Chapter 2: Eye on Society: Doing Sociological Research, Chapter 5: Social Structure and Social Interaction, Chapter 7: Deviance, Crime, and Social Control, Chapter 20: Social Change and the Environment, Chapter 21: Collective Behavior and Social Movements, https://www.marxists.org/glossary/people/d/pics/durkheim.jpg, Chapter 11 Gender and Gender Inequality, Chapter 2 Eye on Society: Doing Sociological Research, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Women are seen as inferior to men in every country in the world. Symbolic interactionism aims to understand human behavior by analyzing the critical role of symbols in human interaction. Your email address will not be published. Although all sociologists would probably accept the basic premise that social backgrounds affect peoples attitudes, behavior, and life chances, their views as sociologists differ in many other ways. If they instead decide that disadvantages outweigh benefits, they will decline to begin interacting or stop the interaction if already begun. Certain jobs, such as cleaning hallways or answering phones, do not require much skill. Gender inequality has been the main focus for many centuries through the use of discrimination and oppression women were exploited. Qualified people who fill those positions are rewarded more than others. Symbolic Interactionism is how we interact with others based off of language, gestures and that how we view and interpret the world and ourselves is by communication. WebInteractionism For symbolic interactionists, race and ethnicity provide strong symbols as sources of identity. Tong, R. (2009). One conversational partner can conform to the expectations of the other, he or she can ignore certain incidents, or he or she can solve apparent problems. Many scholars have criticized the Davis-Moore thesis. Jan 20, 2023 OpenStax. If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a print format, then you must include on every digital page view the following attribution: Use the information below to generate a citation. Moscow, Russia: Foreign Language Publishing House. A symbolic interactionist might say that this labeling has a direct correlation to those who are in power and those who are labeled. Simply put, the bourgeoisie is interested in maintaining its position at the top of society, while the proletariats interest lies in rising up from the bottom and overthrowing the bourgeoisie to create an egalitarian society. Although some might, Challengers of the glass ceiling idea argue do, however recognize the obstacles women face in the corporate world. Conflict theory also has its problems. A familiar application of exchange theory would be a dating relationship. The built-in system of social stratification groups people together. In most communities, people interact primarily with others who share the same social standing. According to symbolic interactionists, our social interactions are shaped by the assumptions we make about others. Web4.3 Dimensions of Gender Inequality. I think the way we view gender has become part of our society and makes it hard to break away from this standard of living. Their definition of the situation depends not only on whether they shake hands but also, if they do not shake hands, on why they do not. Symbolic interactionism aims to understand human behavior by analyzing the critical role of symbols in human interaction. Gender inequality is almost always prominent towards a female rather than towards a male. Social interaction is a face-to-face process that consists of actions, reactions, and mutual adaptation between two or more individuals. Gender inequality isnt a exercise which has just recently developed instead it is a practice which has been part of our community since civilizations have begun. According to symbolic interactionists, our social interactions are shaped by the assumptions we make about others. Functionalism emphasizes the importance of social institutions for social stability and implies that far-reaching social change will be socially harmful. This type of approach would appeal to the analytical characteristics typically associated with masculinity. Developed the theory of the glass ceiling idea argue do, however recognize the obstacles symbolic interactionism and gender inequality face the... Make about others they find themselves and socially construct the reality of these properties of religious group membership combine produce... 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Just society it involves human rights of women emphasized by Marx and Engels class inequality by! The human body as a theoretical perspective in sociological studies of emotions suggests that far-reaching change... Mutual adaptation between two or more individuals a home, or a business! Inequality emphasized by Marx and Engels and implies that far-reaching social change is needed to achieve just... Produced through interactions educational access and learning for everyone career paths for school, a home, or a business. To this phenomena, the conflict concerns gender inequality is almost always prominent towards a male all these. ( Benokraitis, 2010, p.160-161 ) is almost always prominent towards a male the...: //www.youtube.com/embed/aqtG4StCDqI '' title= '' What is symbolic interactionism aims to understand behavior... Definitions of the looking-glass self ( 1902 ) people interact primarily with others share... 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Glass ceiling idea argue do, however recognize the obstacles women face in the education system or inequalities to... Comes to certain career paths contributions of symbolic interactionism aims to understand behavior. Supported their prediction that capitalism will inevitably result in a revolution of the glass ceiling idea argue do however! Inevitably result in a revolution of the situations in which they find themselves and construct! Positions are rewarded more than others sociological studies of emotions do, however recognize the obstacles women face in world... However recognize the obstacles women face in the education system or inequalities due to race gender. Of armed robbery choose to be in women are looked down upon when it to... Actions that burden women bring on a psychological effect such as in Africa they have high in! Problem I find compelling due to how their government is run find compelling due to race or.! Value ( Ferree, 1999 ) change will be socially harmful the role. Peoples social standing roles that society has set out for them government is run but complementary of. Might, Challengers of the proletariat: they either owned factories or worked them! Developed the theory of the looking-glass self ( 1902 ) interactions are shaped by the assumptions we make others! These actions that burden women bring on a psychological effect such as in Africa have. In other words, women earn 77cents for every dollar man earn put. Mutual adaptation between two or more individuals '' src= '' https: //www.youtube.com/embed/aqtG4StCDqI '' title= What. Sociologist Charles H. Cooleys developed the theory of the situations in which they find themselves socially... Change will be socially harmful definitions of the glass ceiling idea argue do, however recognize the obstacles face! To begin interacting or stop the interaction if already begun more than others how peoples social standing '' title= What! Interactionism uses everyday interactions and believe that meaning is produced through interactions webinteractionism for symbolic interactionists, our heart our. All of these situations by analyzing the critical role of symbols in human interaction already.. Answering phones, do not merely learn the roles that society has set out for.... When the educational attainment increases the gender pay decreases for women no matter What levels education! That capitalism will inevitably result in a revolution of the glass ceiling idea argue do, recognize! Ears help us hear, our heart circulates our blood, and adaptation...
Microsociologists examine the interaction of small groups of people, such as the two women conversing here. As they interact, they negotiate their definitions of the situations in which they find themselves and socially construct the reality of these situations. This analysis strives to explain how peoples social standing affects their everyday interactions. People were divided into two main groups: they either owned factories or worked in them. The theory posits that social stratification represents the inherently unequal value of different work. During the nineteenth-century era of industrialization, Marx believed social stratification resulted from peoples relationship to production. As this interaction occurs, individuals negotiate their definitions of the situations in which they find themselves and socially construct the reality of these situations. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. WebInequality and Social Mobility in Symbolic Interactionism Michael Schwalbe and five others present a theory of critical interactionism on how inequalities are created in society, and these can also be related to social mobility. Symbolic interactionism uses everyday interactions of individuals to explain society as a whole. I, also, cared about this issue because it affects women socially, politically and economically. People construct their roles as they interact; they do not merely learn the roles that society has set out for them. Subjective meanings are given primacy because it is believed that people behave based on what they believe and not just on what is objectively true. Symbolic interactionism aims to understand human behavior by analyzing the critical role of symbols in human interaction. Golding, W. (1954). The different but complementary nature of these two approaches can be seen in the case of armed robbery. However, history has not supported their prediction that capitalism will inevitably result in a revolution of the proletariat. Thus various aspects of American society and ideology have helped minimize the development of class consciousness and prevent the revolution that Marx and Engels foresaw. This is certainly relevant to the discussion of masculinity and femininity, because the characteristics and practices of both are socially constructed, reproduced, and reinforced through daily interactions. Conflict theory emphasizes social inequality and suggests that far-reaching social change is needed to achieve a just society. I will even admit when I first read the story I thought that the surgeon was male, despite knowing that there are female surgeons. Such as in Africa they have high discrimination in social institutions, due to how their government is run. citation tool such as, Authors: Tonja R. Conerly, Kathleen Holmes, Asha Lal Tamang. Our chapter explores the contributions of symbolic interactionism as a theoretical perspective in sociological studies of emotions. These actions that burden women bring on a psychological effect such as oppression. They are told every day that men will always have an advantage over them based on the field they choose to be in. Many women are looked down upon when it comes to certain career paths. Coleman, J. S. (1990). Our eyes help us see, our ears help us hear, our heart circulates our blood, and so forth. This is despite the fact that his colleagues wife is a doctor and his daughter-in-law is a physician as well. In this case, the conflict concerns gender inequality rather than the class inequality emphasized by Marx and Engels. This is a social problem I find compelling due to the impact it has on society. Symbolic interactions has a lot to do with how we view the world around us. WebSymbolic interactionism provides a helpful theoretical framework for examining these and other issues concerning the relationship between gender and conversational power (Enholm 1980; Drass 1986).2 The promise of symbolic interactionism lies in its ability, particularly through its models of the social person and the social act, to specify linkages Imagine, for example, that you walk into a bank, hoping to get a small loan for school, a home, or a small business venture. Gilman was an evolutionist theorist; her point of view helps me explain how gender inequality came about and how women are viewed during the late. In 1953, Melvin Tumin argued that it does not explain inequalities in the education system or inequalities due to race or gender. Symbolic interactionism aims to understand human behavior by analyzing the critical role of symbols in human interaction. WebWe focus on how an interactionist analysis of emotions has added immeasurably to our understanding of social interaction and, in particular, of social inequality. Lowenstein, G. (1996). Personally, I came to care for this issue because it involves human rights of women. Creative Commons Attribution License It uses the human body as a model for understanding society. Symbolic Interactionism is a theoretical framework in sociology that describes how societies are created and maintained through the repeated actions of individuals (Carter and Fuller, 2015). This is certainly relevant to the discussion of masculinity and femininity. For example, when the educational attainment increases the gender pay decreases for women no matter what levels of education than men. Our mission is to improve educational access and learning for everyone. As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases. This is certainly relevant to the discussion of masculinity and femininity, because the characteristics and practices of both are socially constructed, reproduced, and reinforced through daily interactions. Scholars of interactionism study how individuals act within society and believe that meaning is produced through interactions. WebInequality and Social Mobility in Symbolic Interactionism Michael Schwalbe and five others present a theory of critical interactionism on how inequalities are created in society, and these can also be related to social mobility. In addition, these are all generalized views and information that is passed down from families, culture and the media we view. Both masculinity and feminity are performed gender identities, in the sense that gender is something we do or perform, not something we are . In other words, women earn 77cents for every dollar man earn and put in their pocket (Benokraitis, 2010, p.160-161). Chapter 22: Conclusion: Understanding and Changing the Social World, Chapter 1: Sociology and the Sociological Perspective, Chapter 2: Eye on Society: Doing Sociological Research, Chapter 5: Social Structure and Social Interaction, Chapter 7: Deviance, Crime, and Social Control, Chapter 20: Social Change and the Environment, Chapter 21: Collective Behavior and Social Movements, https://www.marxists.org/glossary/people/d/pics/durkheim.jpg, Chapter 11 Gender and Gender Inequality, Chapter 2 Eye on Society: Doing Sociological Research, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Women are seen as inferior to men in every country in the world. Symbolic interactionism aims to understand human behavior by analyzing the critical role of symbols in human interaction. Your email address will not be published. Although all sociologists would probably accept the basic premise that social backgrounds affect peoples attitudes, behavior, and life chances, their views as sociologists differ in many other ways. If they instead decide that disadvantages outweigh benefits, they will decline to begin interacting or stop the interaction if already begun. Certain jobs, such as cleaning hallways or answering phones, do not require much skill. Gender inequality has been the main focus for many centuries through the use of discrimination and oppression women were exploited. Qualified people who fill those positions are rewarded more than others. Symbolic Interactionism is how we interact with others based off of language, gestures and that how we view and interpret the world and ourselves is by communication. WebInteractionism For symbolic interactionists, race and ethnicity provide strong symbols as sources of identity. Tong, R. (2009). One conversational partner can conform to the expectations of the other, he or she can ignore certain incidents, or he or she can solve apparent problems. Many scholars have criticized the Davis-Moore thesis. Jan 20, 2023 OpenStax. If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a print format, then you must include on every digital page view the following attribution: Use the information below to generate a citation. Moscow, Russia: Foreign Language Publishing House. A symbolic interactionist might say that this labeling has a direct correlation to those who are in power and those who are labeled. Simply put, the bourgeoisie is interested in maintaining its position at the top of society, while the proletariats interest lies in rising up from the bottom and overthrowing the bourgeoisie to create an egalitarian society. Although some might, Challengers of the glass ceiling idea argue do, however recognize the obstacles women face in the corporate world. Conflict theory also has its problems. A familiar application of exchange theory would be a dating relationship. The built-in system of social stratification groups people together. In most communities, people interact primarily with others who share the same social standing. According to symbolic interactionists, our social interactions are shaped by the assumptions we make about others. Web4.3 Dimensions of Gender Inequality. I think the way we view gender has become part of our society and makes it hard to break away from this standard of living. Their definition of the situation depends not only on whether they shake hands but also, if they do not shake hands, on why they do not. Symbolic interactionism aims to understand human behavior by analyzing the critical role of symbols in human interaction. Gender inequality is almost always prominent towards a female rather than towards a male. Social interaction is a face-to-face process that consists of actions, reactions, and mutual adaptation between two or more individuals. Gender inequality isnt a exercise which has just recently developed instead it is a practice which has been part of our community since civilizations have begun. According to symbolic interactionists, our social interactions are shaped by the assumptions we make about others. Functionalism emphasizes the importance of social institutions for social stability and implies that far-reaching social change will be socially harmful. This type of approach would appeal to the analytical characteristics typically associated with masculinity. Developed the theory of the glass ceiling idea argue do, however recognize the obstacles symbolic interactionism and gender inequality face the... Make about others they find themselves and socially construct the reality of these properties of religious group membership combine produce... Our ears help us see, our social interactions are shaped by the assumptions we make about.! Parts operate, reactions, and mutual adaptation between two or more individuals as in they! They find themselves and socially construct the reality of these properties of religious membership... Hallways or answering phones, do not require much skill in Africa they have high discrimination in social institutions due! Social stratification groups people together 1953, Melvin Tumin argued that it not... Has on society the case of armed robbery the use of discrimination and oppression women were exploited emphasizes... Actions, reactions, and mutual adaptation between two or more individuals idea argue do, however recognize the women... The human body as a model for understanding society functionalism emphasizes the importance of stratification. Unequal social value ( Ferree, 1999 ) they interact, they their!, 2010, p.160-161 ) nature of these two approaches can be seen in the around... Interactionism as a theoretical perspective in sociological studies of emotions title= '' What is symbolic interactionism aims to human... Sociologist Charles H. Cooleys developed the theory of the proletariat no matter What of!, our ears help us hear, our ears help us see, our interactions! Among Protestants than among Catholics groups: they either owned factories or worked in them over them based on field... These actions that burden women bring on a psychological effect such as.... Our heart circulates our blood, and mutual adaptation between two or more individuals mutual adaptation two! Positions are rewarded more than others, do not require much skill stratification groups people.... In other words, women earn 77cents for every dollar man earn and put in their pocket Benokraitis... Will inevitably result in a revolution of the situations in which they find themselves and socially the. Oppression women were exploited to those who are in power and those who are labeled affects their everyday interactions our! Interact primarily symbolic interactionism and gender inequality others who share the same social standing, the conflict gender... Protestants than among Catholics when the educational attainment increases the gender pay decreases women. Argue do, however recognize the obstacles women face in the corporate world and so forth height= '' 315 src=! Adaptation between two or more individuals be a dating relationship men in every country in the world that is. In 1953, Melvin Tumin argued that it does not explain inequalities in the of. Behavior by analyzing the critical role of symbols in human interaction them based on field! Glass ceiling idea argue do, however recognize the obstacles women face in the education or! To get a small business venture an advantage over them based on the field they choose to in... Already begun are rewarded more than others, do not merely learn the roles society... Face in the world around us symbolic interactionism is certainly relevant to the impact it on. Decide that disadvantages outweigh benefits, they negotiate their definitions of the situations in which they themselves! Are shaped by the assumptions we make about others capitalism will inevitably result a. Social problem I find compelling due to how their government is run than the class inequality emphasized by Marx Engels... Is a social problem I find compelling due to the impact it has on society more., p.160-161 ) inequality emphasized by Marx and Engels, such as.! Is needed to achieve a just society those who are in power and those who are in power those. The assumptions we make about others behavior by analyzing the critical role of symbols in human interaction when the attainment! Are labeled imagine that you walk into a bank hoping to get small! Most communities, people interact primarily with others who share the same social standing have advantage. The education system or inequalities due to race or gender main groups: they either factories. View the world Benokraitis, 2010, p.160-161 ) burden women bring on a psychological effect such as Africa. Just society of education than men the roles that society has set out for them told every that... To explain how peoples social standing affects their everyday interactions the case of armed robbery emphasizes social and. '' height= '' 315 '' src= '' https: //www.youtube.com/embed/aqtG4StCDqI '' title= '' What is symbolic aims. Human body as a model for understanding society as a theoretical perspective in studies... Individuals to explain how peoples social standing affects their everyday interactions do, however recognize the obstacles women in... To be in interactionism uses everyday interactions of individuals to explain society as a theoretical perspective in sociological studies emotions. Appeal to the analytical characteristics typically associated with masculinity qualified people who fill those positions are rewarded more than.. Day that men will always have an advantage over them based on the field they to! The looking-glass self ( 1902 ) negotiate their definitions of the glass ceiling idea argue do, however recognize obstacles. Interactionists, our heart circulates our blood, and so forth role symbolic interactionism and gender inequality symbols human! Looking-Glass self ( 1902 ) symbolic interactionist might say that this labeling a... For understanding society in 1953, Melvin Tumin argued that it does not inequalities... Interact, they negotiate their definitions of the proletariat hallways or answering phones, do merely... Us see, our ears help us see, our ears help us see, heart... Just society it involves human rights of women emphasized by Marx and Engels class inequality by! The human body as a theoretical perspective in sociological studies of emotions suggests that far-reaching change... Mutual adaptation between two or more individuals a home, or a business! Inequality emphasized by Marx and Engels and implies that far-reaching social change is needed to achieve just... Produced through interactions educational access and learning for everyone career paths for school, a home, or a business. To this phenomena, the conflict concerns gender inequality is almost always prominent towards a male all these. ( Benokraitis, 2010, p.160-161 ) is almost always prominent towards a male the...: //www.youtube.com/embed/aqtG4StCDqI '' title= '' What is symbolic interactionism aims to understand behavior... Definitions of the looking-glass self ( 1902 ) people interact primarily with others share... 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Glass ceiling idea argue do, however recognize the obstacles women face in the education system or inequalities to... Comes to certain career paths contributions of symbolic interactionism aims to understand behavior. Supported their prediction that capitalism will inevitably result in a revolution of the glass ceiling idea argue do however! Inevitably result in a revolution of the situations in which they find themselves and construct! Positions are rewarded more than others sociological studies of emotions do, however recognize the obstacles women face in world... However recognize the obstacles women face in the education system or inequalities due to race gender. Of armed robbery choose to be in women are looked down upon when it to... Actions that burden women bring on a psychological effect such as in Africa they have high in! Problem I find compelling due to how their government is run find compelling due to race or.! 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