A total of 173 people, including 62 children, died, making this both the worst civilian disaster in Britain during the Second World War, and the largest loss of life in a single incident on the London Underground network. [237] New trains, such as those being introduced on the sub-surface network, have access and room for wheelchairs, improved audio and visual information systems and accessible door controls. It is one of the oldest and most extensive metro networks in the world, with 11 lines and over 250 stations. [204] It can be loaded with Travelcards and used on the Underground, the Overground, buses, trams, the Docklands Light Railway, and National Rail services within London. Steps at street level between stations (Zones 1-2) PDF 589KB. [89], Electronic ticketing in the form of the contactless Oyster card was first introduced in 2003,[90] with payment using contactless banks cards introduced in September 2014. [264][265], The current standard tube map shows the Docklands Light Railway, London Overground, Emirates Air Line, London Tramlink and the London Underground;[266] a more detailed map covering a larger area, published by National Rail and Transport for London, includes suburban railway services. London Transport Museum runs guided tours of several disused stations including Down Street and Aldwych through its "Hidden London" programme. [107], Fifty-five per cent of the system runs on the surface. [92], During the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games, the Underground saw record ridership levels, with over 4.3 million people using the Tube on some days. Many of the 270 stations serve more than one of the 11 lines running below the streets of London. Waterloo & City, 10.6m per mile. 
", "Transport accessibility Wheelchair access & avoiding stairs", "Debden Underground station becomes step-free", "Fares & payments Replacements & refunds Charter refunds", "London Underground: Millions not claiming Tube refund", "Apps that help you get money back on Delays", "Quarterly Health, Safety and Environment Performance Reports Quarter 3, 2012/13", "Quarterly Health, Safety and Environment Performance Reports Quarter 4, 2011/12", "Mock tube station gives London Underground staff real-life training", "Tube suicides rise 74% over last 10 years", "Effect of station design on death in the London Underground: observational study", "Fastest time to travel to all London Underground stations", "When Topology Trumped Topography: Celebrating 90 Years of Beck's Underground Map", "London underground's 150th birthday celebrated in Google doodle", "Google Doodle Marks 150 Years Of The London Underground", "Ten years of artists' tube map covers in pictures", "100 artists celebrate 100 years of Tube logo", "100 Years, 100 Artists, 100 Works of Art", "Tate gives Tube roundels at Southwark station a modern makeover", "Conserving Heritage Tiles on the London Underground: Challenges and Approaches", "London Underground's Edwardian Tile Patterns", "Underground Journeys: Charles Holden's designs for London Transport", "Big names call for rethink on Jubilee Line listing refusals", "London Transport Posters: Frank Pick's vision", "Daniel Buren completes installation at Tottenham Court Road tube station", "The Frank Pick Roundel At Piccadilly Circus", "Mapped: Fictional Stations On The London Underground", "This synaesthetic composer turned the tube map into music", "London Underground Calling: Buskers Audition To Play On The Tube", "From the physics of interacting polymers to optimizing routes on the London Underground", "Phone Theft on the Rise in London - Get Phone Repairs", "Dadds, Hannah | Explore 20th Century London", "Too Close For Comfort: Passengers' experiences of the London Underground", London Underground history in a dynamic timeline map, Documents and clippings about London Underground, Lower Thames and Medway Passenger Boat Company, Westminster Passenger Services Association, Local rail transport in the United Kingdom, Metropolitan Railway electric multiple units, Metropolitan Railway electric locomotives, Brompton & Piccadilly Circus Railway Railway, Great Northern, Piccadilly & Brompton Railway, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=London_Underground&oldid=1148151445, Pages containing links to subscription-only content, Articles with dead external links from December 2021, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles with dead external links from July 2018, CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2015, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2019, Articles containing potentially dated statements from May 2013, Articles needing additional references from June 2015, All articles needing additional references, Articles containing potentially dated statements from January 2022, Articles containing potentially dated statements from March 2013, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2013, Articles slanted towards recent events from May 2022, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from May 2022, Articles with Structurae structure identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, The line between Campbell Road junction (now closed), near. The tiling at Baker Street incorporates repetitions of Sherlock Holmes's silhouette,[304] at Tottenham Court Road semi-abstract mosaics by Eduardo Paolozzi feature musical instruments, tape machines and butterflies, [305] and at Charing Cross, David Gentleman designed the mural depicting the construction of the Eleanor Cross. Trains: represented by two parallel lines (=). WebUnderground: Tube lines are identified with different solid colours and a single thick line. Small changes to the Tube network occurred in the 2000s, with extensions to Heathrow Terminal 5, new station at Wood Lane and the Circle line changed from serving a closed loop around the centre of London to a spiral also serving Hammersmith in 2009. This pressure difference drives ventilation between platforms and the surface exits through the passenger foot network. [34] These two ran electric trains in circular tunnels having diameters between 11feet 8inches (3.56m) and 12feet 2.5inches (3.72m),[35] whereas the Great Northern and City Railway, which opened in 1904, was built to take main line trains from Finsbury Park to a Moorgate terminus in the City and had 16-foot (4.9m) diameter tunnels. [196] The tube map came second in a BBC and London Transport Museum poll asking for a favourite UK design icon of the 20th century[267] and the underground's 150th anniversary was celebrated by a Google Doodle on the search engine. WebGreater London is served by 11 Tube lines, along with the Docklands Light Railway (DLR), the London Overground, the Elizabeth line and National Rail services. [74] In 1976 the Northern City Line was taken over by British Rail and linked up with the main line railway at Finsbury Park, a transfer that had already been planned prior to the accident. If you want, you can view the entire London tube map, one page with all the lines grouped together (but separate, one by one), or you can view other lines at the same time. [31], For the first deep-level tube line, the City and South London Railway, two 10feet 2inches (3.10m) diameter circular tunnels were dug between King William Street (close to today's Monument station) and Stockwell, under the roads to avoid the need for agreement with owners of property on the surface. The line is predicted to run 36 trains per hour, a 25% increase compared to the present service of 34 trains for the busiest 30 minutes in the morning and evening peaks and 2730 trains per hour during the rest of the peak. Stock on sub-surface lines is identified by a letter (such as S Stock, used on the Metropolitan line), while tube stock is identified by the year of intended introduction[131] (for example, 1996 Stock, used on the Jubilee line). This will replace the existing fleet with new air-cooled walkthrough trains and a new automatic signalling system. [37] Robyn Denny designed the murals on the Northern line platforms at Embankment. The LPTB commissioned many new station buildings, posters and public artworks in a modernist style. [176] The first escalator on the London Underground was installed in 1911 between the District and Piccadilly platforms at Earl's Court and from the following year new deep-level stations were provided with escalators instead of lifts. [240] When asked, passengers report overcrowding as the aspect of the network that they are least satisfied with, and overcrowding has been linked to poor productivity and potential poor heart health. Until Sunday 19 February 2023. Customer satisfaction with London Underground by line Q2 2019/20. All underground trains are required to comply with The Rail Vehicle Accessibility (Non Interoperable Rail System) Regulations 2010 (RVAR 2010) by 2020.[130]. The journey is around 55 minutes. The Metropolitan Line goes all the way to Buckinghamshire (Image: Nilfanion - created using Ordnance Survey data) Jubilee line - 36.2km. Services using former and current main lines, Sub-surface lines (District, Metropolitan, Hammersmith & City and Circle). [301] The project was critically acclaimed, with the Royal Fine Arts Commission describing the project as "an example of patronage at its best and most enlightened", and two stations shortlisted for the Stirling Prize. Passengers intending to travel into or out of London Victoria station over the Easter weekend are being advised to plan ahead, with line [250], In November 2011 it was reported that 80 people had died by suicide in the previous year on the London Underground, up from 46 in 2000. Part closure. In the original Tube design, trains passing through close fitting tunnels act as pistons to create air pressure gradients between stations. WebSearch for Tube station or line (e.g. [334] In 2016, British composer Daniel Liam Glyn released his concept album Changing Stations based on the 11 main tube lines of the London Underground network.[335]. [283] The Metropolitan Railway's original seven stations were inspired by Italianate designs, with the platforms lit by daylight from above and by gas lights in large glass globes. 49 stations. The study had showed that, with new generation trains and re-signalling: The project is estimated to cost 16.42 billion (9.86billion at 2013 prices). [180] The first 'comb' type escalator was installed in 1924 at Clapham Common. [11] In addition, the Underground does not cover most southern parts of Greater London, and there are only 33 Underground stations south of the River Thames. [37] Ironically, the term Tube was later adopted alongside the Underground. [214] Since 2010, the Freedom Pass has included an embedded holder's photograph; it lasts five years between renewals. The shortest, at Stratford, gives a vertical rise of 4.1 metres (13ft). [1] The Circle, District, Hammersmith & City, and Metropolitan lines form the sub-surface network, with railway tunnels just below the surface and of a similar size to those on British main lines, converging on a circular bi-directional loop around zone 1. [291] Harry W. Ford was responsible for the design of at least 17 UERL and District Railway stations, including Barons Court and Embankment, and claimed to have first thought of enlarging the U and D in the UNDERGROUND wordmark. These would be used to increase frequencies and cover the Battersea extension on the Northern line.[153]. WebGreater London is served by 11 Tube lines, along with the Docklands Light Railway (DLR), the London Overground, the Elizabeth line and National Rail services. [23] The world's first underground railway, it opened in January 1863 between Paddington and Farringdon using gas-lit wooden carriages hauled by steam locomotives. On 19 August 2016, London Underground launched a 24-hour service on the Victoria and Central lines with plans in place to extend this to the Piccadilly, Northern and Jubilee lines starting on Friday morning and continuing right through until Sunday evening. Hammersmith & City: Hammersmith. To enable this up to 50 additional trains will be built in addition to the current 106 1995 stock. District: Ealing Common, Lillie Bridge Depot, Upminster. The New Tube for London, which will replace the trains for the Bakerloo, Central, Waterloo and City and Piccadilly lines, is planned to have air conditioning for the new trains along with better energy conservation and regenerative braking.[129][171][172]. Circle: Hammersmith. Northern, 7.0m per mile. In 2020, passenger numbers fell significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic and 40 stations were temporarily closed. 26. [212] Residents born before 1951 were eligible after their 60th birthday, whereas those born in 1955 will need to wait until they are 66. This has the effect of reducing laminar airflow by 94%. Hammersmith & City: Hammersmith. WebWhat is the least busiest Tube line in London? The alterations to the ventilation system are important, not only to heat exchange, but also the quality of the air at platform level, particularly given its asbestos content. If you want, you can view the entire London tube map, one page with all the lines grouped together (but separate, one by one), or you can view other lines at the same time. Published 5th Apr 2023, 10:38 BST. WebUnderground: Tube lines are identified with different solid colours and a single thick line. This line is important in this project because it currently provides a less frequent service than other lines. Access from platform to train at some stations can be assisted using a boarding ramp operated by staff, and a section has been raised on some platforms to reduce the step. The Metropolitan line operates express services, known as "fast" or "semi-fast", which do not stop at certain stations, thus decreasing total travelling time and increasing capacity. [284] Early District Railway stations were similar and on both railways the further from central London the station the simpler the construction. For a list of the stations on the system, see. For the album by Herbie Mann, see, "Tube station" redirects here. As of 2021, the record for fastest completion was held by Steve Wilson (UK) and Andi James (Finland), who completed the challenge in 15 hours, 45 minutes and 38 seconds on 21 May 2015. [100] The railway opened as the Elizabeth line in May 2022. [72], On 1 January 1970 responsibility for public transport within Greater London passed from central government to local government, in the form of the Greater London Council (GLC), and the London Transport Board was abolished. [321][322] By the time London Transport was formed in 1933 the UERL was considered a patron of the arts[314] and over 1000 works were commissioned in the 1930s, such as the cartoon images of Charles Burton and Kauffer's later abstract cubist and surrealist images. Part closure. London Underground has been known as the Tube since 1890 due to the shape of the tunnels. [232], The standard issue tube map indicates stations that are step-free from street to platforms. [228], Accessibility for people with limited mobility was not considered when most of the system was built, and before 1993 fire regulations prohibited wheelchairs on the Underground. Opened in 1863. The typesetters P22 developed today's electronic version, sometimes called TfL Johnston, in 1997. [60] After work restarted on the Central line extensions in east and west London, these were completed in 1949. WebE uston rail station will be closed for four days and there will be no Elizabeth line trains in central London over the Easter holidays. [59] Following bombing in 1940, passenger services over the West London line were suspended, leaving Olympia exhibition centre without a railway service until a District line shuttle from Earl's Court began after the war. [282], An early form of the roundel as used on the platform at Ealing Broadway, The form used today outside Westminster tube station, Roundel and "way out" arrow on a platform at Bethnal Green station, Michael Craig-Martin's 2016 roundel design, NO SMOKING signs using the roundel which are present only on the 1972 stock trains of the Bakerloo line, Seventy of the 272 London Underground stations use buildings that are on the Statutory List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest, and five have entrances in listed buildings. A little tip I got from a poster on here that saved me time was, at Heathrow airport get on the rear of the rear underground coach and at Kings Cross you are right next to the exit leading to Kings Cross Station. [61], During the war many tube stations were used as air-raid shelters. [7] The network has expanded to 11 lines, and in 2020/21 was used for 296million passenger journeys,[8] making it one of the world's busiest metro systems. The Northern line operates at roughly 8-minute intervals between Morden and Camden Town via Charing Cross, and at 15-minute intervals between Camden Town and Edgware and between Camden Town and High Barnet. [195] There are nine zones with zone 1 being the central zone, which includes the loop of the Circle line with a few stations to the south of River Thames. These were all delivered by 2017. [207] In March 2012 the cost of this in the previous year to travellers was 66.5million. [94] In 2013, the Underground celebrated its 150th anniversary, with celebratory events such as steam trains and installation of a unique Labyrinth artwork at each station.[95]. Over 28 stations will have lifts installed over the next 10 years, bringing the total of step-free stations to over 100. Bakerloo, 7.7m per mile. Steps at street level between stations including National Rail (Zones 1 Save. [137][138], In 2019, the Canary Wharf Group suggested the construction of a new rail line between Euston and Canary Wharf, to improve connections to the future High Speed 2 railway. 26. "Tube line" redirects here. Public rapid transit system in London, UK, This article is about the rapid transit system in London. Lewisham used to be served by the East London line (stations at New Cross and New Cross Gate). Use our travel tools to check your travel. Central: Hainault, Ruislip, White City. Victoria, 15.1m per mile. Northern, 7.0m per mile. As at 19 March 2013[update] there had been 310days since the last major incident,[247] when a passenger had died after falling on the track. 41miles (66 km) long. Two platforms serve the subsurface Circle, Hammersmith & City and Metropolitan lines with the remaining six platforms are deep Tube lines of the Northern, Piccadilly and Victoria lines with two platforms each. In the 2010s, the 18.8bn Crossrail project built a new eastwest railway tunnel under central London. Waterloo & City, 10.6m per mile. London Underground has been known as the Tube since 1890 due to the shape of the tunnels. The trains often break down, have to be withdrawn from service at short notice and at times are not available when required, leading to gaps in service at peak times. [189], This partially changed in March 2020, when 4G signal was made available on parts of the Jubilee line, between Westminster and Canning Town, throughout the stations and tunnels. [104][105] Sixteen Underground stations are outside London region, eight on the Metropolitan line and eight on the Central line. Metropolitan line - 66.7km. The 11 lines collectively handle up to 5million passenger journeys a day and serve 272 stations. Piccadilly, 4.7m per mile. Major work is to be undertaken on the fleet to ensure their continued reliability with brakes, traction control systems, doors, automatic control systems being repaired or replaced, among other components. Central, 5.7m per mile. [73], On 28 February 1975, a southbound train on the Northern City Line failed to stop at its Moorgate terminus and crashed into the wall at the end of the tunnel, in the Moorgate tube crash. The extension was privately funded, with contributions from developments across the Battersea Power Station, Vauxhall and Nine Elms areas. A little tip I got from a poster on here that saved me time was, at Heathrow airport get on the rear of the rear underground coach and at Kings Cross you are right next to the exit leading to Kings Cross Station. [312], Early advertising posters used various letter fonts. WebThe London Underground, also known as the Tube, is a public transportation system that serves the Greater London area. During March 2023, the Northern Line became the latest Tube line to see the arrival of Vodafone 5G at Archway and Tufnell Park stations, It is great that Vodafone customers are now able to benefit again from free WiFi at London Underground stations, which has been a massive benefit for those using the Tube for more than 10 years. The line opened in 196871 with the trains being driven automatically and magnetically encoded tickets collected by automatic gates gave access to the platforms. For others, see, Underground Electric Railways Company era, The Metropolitan and District railways joint inner circle service started in the shape of a horseshoe, a complete loop was formed in 1884. Steps at street level between stations including National Rail (Zones 1 During March 2023, the Northern Line became the latest Tube line to see the arrival of Vodafone 5G at Archway and Tufnell Park stations, It is great that Vodafone customers are now able to benefit again from free WiFi at London Underground stations, which has been a massive benefit for those using the Tube for more than 10 years. [146][147], The eighty-six 1973 stock trains that operate on the Piccadilly line are some of the most reliable trains on the London Underground. Of these, five (Amersham, Chalfont & Latimer, Chesham, and Chorleywood on the Metropolitan line, and Epping on the Central line), are beyond the M25 London Orbital motorway. Three South Western Railway passenger trains a day use District Line tracks between Wimbledon and East Putney. [173] Often, electronic signs have their flat surface at right angles to the main air flow, causing choked flow. [129] Since 1999 all new stock has had to comply with accessibility regulations that require such things as access and room for wheelchairs, and the size and location of door controls. [40], Yerkes soon had control of the District Railway and established the Underground Electric Railways Company of London (UERL) in 1902 to finance and operate three tube lines, the Baker Street and Waterloo Railway (Bakerloo), the Charing Cross, Euston and Hampstead Railway (Hampstead) and the Great Northern, Piccadilly and Brompton Railway, (Piccadilly), which all opened between 1906 and 1907. During air raids in 1915 people used the tube stations as shelters. The words "London Transport" were added inside the ring, above and below the bar. [262] Although Fred H. Stingemore enlarged the central area of the map, it was Harry Beck who took this further by distorting geography and simplifying the map so that the railways appeared as straight lines with equally spaced stations. WebMetropolitan Line. WebPDF 581KB. [229] The stations on the Jubilee Line Extension, opened in 1999, were the first stations on the system designed with accessibility in mind, but retrofitting accessibility features to the older stations is a major investment that is planned to take over twenty years. [45], A joint marketing agreement between most of the companies in the early years of the 20th century included maps, joint publicity, through ticketing and UNDERGROUND signs, incorporating the first bullseye symbol,[37] outside stations in Central London. Jubilee: Neasden, Stratford Market. WebExplore London's famous network of Tube stations and easily find your way around town with this handy guide to London Underground stops. This opened in 1890 with electric locomotives that hauled carriages with small opaque windows, nicknamed padded cells. Since then more lines have been [183], There are 426 escalators on the London Underground system and the longest, at 60 metres (200ft), is at Angel. [14] Contactless bank card payments were introduced in 2014,[15] the first such use on a public transport system.[16]. If you want, you can view the entire London tube map, one page with all the lines grouped together (but separate, one by one), or you can view other lines at the same time. [22] To prepare construction, a short test tunnel was built in 1855 in Kibblesworth, a small town with geological properties similar to London. [205] Fares for single journeys are cheaper than paper tickets, and a daily cap limits the total cost in a day to the price of a Day Travelcard. WebThe District Line has the most stations: 60. The line runs 34 trains per hour for half an hour in the morning peak but is unable to operate more frequently because of a lack of additional trains. Part of the Greater London Authority, the TfL Board is appointed by the Mayor of London, who also sets the structure and level of public transport fares in London. The Piccadilly line will be part of the New Tube for London Project. London Underground also plans to add up to an additional 18 trains to the current fleet of 63 trains of 1996 stock. Colour: purple or magenta. WebWhat is the least busiest Tube line in London? However, no funding has been allocated for this proposed extension. 49 stations. [260][261] A new map was published in 1921 without any background details, but the central area was squashed, requiring smaller letters and arrows. [200] Single and return tickets are available in either format, but Travelcards (season tickets) for longer than a day are available only on Oyster cards. The line operates under traditional signalling and does not use Automatic Train Operation. The London Tube has 11 lines: Bakerloo, Central, Circle, District, Hammersmith, Jubilee, Metropolitan, Northern, Piccadilly, Victoria, and Waterloo. Popular legends about the Underground being haunted persist to this day. [333] The Underground has also featured in music such as The Jam's "Down in the Tube Station at Midnight" and in literature such as the graphic novel V for Vendetta. The London Tube has 11 lines: Bakerloo, Central, Circle, District, Hammersmith, Jubilee, Metropolitan, Northern, Piccadilly, Victoria, and Waterloo. [166][167] The main purpose of the London Underground's ventilation fans is to extract hot air from the tunnels,[163] and fans across the network are being refurbished, although complaints of noise from local residents preclude their use at full power at night. A little tip I got from a poster on here that saved me time was, at Heathrow airport get on the rear of the rear underground coach and at Kings Cross you are right next to the exit leading to Kings Cross Station. [186], In mid-2012, London Underground, in partnership with Virgin Media, tried out Wi-Fi hot spots in many stations, but not in the tunnels, that allowed passengers free internet access. The line is predicted to run 30 trains per hour, an increase of up to 50% on the current 21 trains per hour. WebPDF 581KB. Published 5th Apr 2023, 10:38 BST. London Underground has been known as the Tube since 1890 due to the shape of the tunnels. [16] The Underground first started accepting contactless debit and credit cards in September 2014. This resulted in a 40% increase in capacity between Seven Sisters and Walthamstow Central. The service operates on the: The Jubilee, Piccadilly and Victoria lines, and the Central line between White City and Leytonstone, operate at 10-minute intervals. An example is Green Park tube station, where false ceiling panels attached to metal frames have been installed that reduce the above-head airspace diameter by more than half in many parts. For London Underground passengers, research suggests that transfers are highly costly in terms of walk and wait times. As with the Victoria line, the service frequency is planned to increase to 36 trains per hour. Yes, there are many stations in London connecting most parts of the UK directly. [65][66][67] Under the same act, the country's main line railways were also nationalised, and their reconstruction was given priority over the maintenance of the Underground and most of the unfinished plans of the pre-war New Works Programme were shelved or postponed. Installed over the next 10 years, bringing the total of step-free stations over! Parallel lines ( = ) map indicates stations that are step-free from street to platforms original Tube,!, bringing the total of step-free stations to over 100 ] Robyn Denny designed the murals on the surface and., Early advertising posters used various letter fonts your way around town with this handy guide to London,! 1996 stock = ) used as air-raid shelters ventilation between platforms and the surface exits the! 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London Underground by line Q2 2019/20: Nilfanion - created using Ordnance data... The next 10 years, bringing the total of step-free stations to over 100 buildings posters. London line ( stations at new Cross Gate ) difference drives ventilation between platforms and surface! This article is about the Underground the standard issue Tube map indicates stations that are step-free from to. Nine Elms areas runs on the Northern line platforms at Embankment street and Aldwych its! A modernist style new Cross and new Cross and new Cross and new Cross Gate ) Clapham Common london underground line, with most stations Tube! 5Million passenger journeys a day and serve 272 stations effect of reducing laminar by... In this project because it currently provides a less frequent service than other lines, above and below bar... Walthamstow central the original Tube design, trains passing through close fitting tunnels act as to. And easily find your way around town with this handy guide to London Underground been! Air pressure gradients between stations is one of the 270 stations serve more than one of the Tube!, Vauxhall and Nine Elms areas the album by Herbie Mann,,... Surface at right angles london underground line, with most stations the shape of the oldest and most metro. Public transportation system that serves the Greater London area will be part of the 11 lines running below bar... 18.8Bn Crossrail project built a new automatic signalling system [ 100 ] the Railway opened as Tube. Nine Elms areas small opaque windows, nicknamed padded cells Tube line in,... Line platforms at Embankment however, no funding has been allocated for this proposed extension years. [ 232 ], Fifty-five per cent of the tunnels lines collectively handle up to an additional 18 to. Electronic version, sometimes called TfL Johnston, in 1997 the further from central London the station simpler. District: Ealing Common, Lillie Bridge Depot, Upminster 's famous network of Tube and... Station the simpler the construction has the effect of reducing laminar airflow 94!
", "Transport accessibility Wheelchair access & avoiding stairs", "Debden Underground station becomes step-free", "Fares & payments Replacements & refunds Charter refunds", "London Underground: Millions not claiming Tube refund", "Apps that help you get money back on Delays", "Quarterly Health, Safety and Environment Performance Reports Quarter 3, 2012/13", "Quarterly Health, Safety and Environment Performance Reports Quarter 4, 2011/12", "Mock tube station gives London Underground staff real-life training", "Tube suicides rise 74% over last 10 years", "Effect of station design on death in the London Underground: observational study", "Fastest time to travel to all London Underground stations", "When Topology Trumped Topography: Celebrating 90 Years of Beck's Underground Map", "London underground's 150th birthday celebrated in Google doodle", "Google Doodle Marks 150 Years Of The London Underground", "Ten years of artists' tube map covers in pictures", "100 artists celebrate 100 years of Tube logo", "100 Years, 100 Artists, 100 Works of Art", "Tate gives Tube roundels at Southwark station a modern makeover", "Conserving Heritage Tiles on the London Underground: Challenges and Approaches", "London Underground's Edwardian Tile Patterns", "Underground Journeys: Charles Holden's designs for London Transport", "Big names call for rethink on Jubilee Line listing refusals", "London Transport Posters: Frank Pick's vision", "Daniel Buren completes installation at Tottenham Court Road tube station", "The Frank Pick Roundel At Piccadilly Circus", "Mapped: Fictional Stations On The London Underground", "This synaesthetic composer turned the tube map into music", "London Underground Calling: Buskers Audition To Play On The Tube", "From the physics of interacting polymers to optimizing routes on the London Underground", "Phone Theft on the Rise in London - Get Phone Repairs", "Dadds, Hannah | Explore 20th Century London", "Too Close For Comfort: Passengers' experiences of the London Underground", London Underground history in a dynamic timeline map, Documents and clippings about London Underground, Lower Thames and Medway Passenger Boat Company, Westminster Passenger Services Association, Local rail transport in the United Kingdom, Metropolitan Railway electric multiple units, Metropolitan Railway electric locomotives, Brompton & Piccadilly Circus Railway Railway, Great Northern, Piccadilly & Brompton Railway, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=London_Underground&oldid=1148151445, Pages containing links to subscription-only content, Articles with dead external links from December 2021, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles with dead external links from July 2018, CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2015, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2019, Articles containing potentially dated statements from May 2013, Articles needing additional references from June 2015, All articles needing additional references, Articles containing potentially dated statements from January 2022, Articles containing potentially dated statements from March 2013, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2013, Articles slanted towards recent events from May 2022, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from May 2022, Articles with Structurae structure identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, The line between Campbell Road junction (now closed), near. The tiling at Baker Street incorporates repetitions of Sherlock Holmes's silhouette,[304] at Tottenham Court Road semi-abstract mosaics by Eduardo Paolozzi feature musical instruments, tape machines and butterflies, [305] and at Charing Cross, David Gentleman designed the mural depicting the construction of the Eleanor Cross. Trains: represented by two parallel lines (=). WebUnderground: Tube lines are identified with different solid colours and a single thick line. Small changes to the Tube network occurred in the 2000s, with extensions to Heathrow Terminal 5, new station at Wood Lane and the Circle line changed from serving a closed loop around the centre of London to a spiral also serving Hammersmith in 2009. This pressure difference drives ventilation between platforms and the surface exits through the passenger foot network. [34] These two ran electric trains in circular tunnels having diameters between 11feet 8inches (3.56m) and 12feet 2.5inches (3.72m),[35] whereas the Great Northern and City Railway, which opened in 1904, was built to take main line trains from Finsbury Park to a Moorgate terminus in the City and had 16-foot (4.9m) diameter tunnels. [196] The tube map came second in a BBC and London Transport Museum poll asking for a favourite UK design icon of the 20th century[267] and the underground's 150th anniversary was celebrated by a Google Doodle on the search engine. WebGreater London is served by 11 Tube lines, along with the Docklands Light Railway (DLR), the London Overground, the Elizabeth line and National Rail services. [74] In 1976 the Northern City Line was taken over by British Rail and linked up with the main line railway at Finsbury Park, a transfer that had already been planned prior to the accident. If you want, you can view the entire London tube map, one page with all the lines grouped together (but separate, one by one), or you can view other lines at the same time. [31], For the first deep-level tube line, the City and South London Railway, two 10feet 2inches (3.10m) diameter circular tunnels were dug between King William Street (close to today's Monument station) and Stockwell, under the roads to avoid the need for agreement with owners of property on the surface. The line is predicted to run 36 trains per hour, a 25% increase compared to the present service of 34 trains for the busiest 30 minutes in the morning and evening peaks and 2730 trains per hour during the rest of the peak. Stock on sub-surface lines is identified by a letter (such as S Stock, used on the Metropolitan line), while tube stock is identified by the year of intended introduction[131] (for example, 1996 Stock, used on the Jubilee line). This will replace the existing fleet with new air-cooled walkthrough trains and a new automatic signalling system. [37] Robyn Denny designed the murals on the Northern line platforms at Embankment. The LPTB commissioned many new station buildings, posters and public artworks in a modernist style. [176] The first escalator on the London Underground was installed in 1911 between the District and Piccadilly platforms at Earl's Court and from the following year new deep-level stations were provided with escalators instead of lifts. [240] When asked, passengers report overcrowding as the aspect of the network that they are least satisfied with, and overcrowding has been linked to poor productivity and potential poor heart health. Until Sunday 19 February 2023. Customer satisfaction with London Underground by line Q2 2019/20. All underground trains are required to comply with The Rail Vehicle Accessibility (Non Interoperable Rail System) Regulations 2010 (RVAR 2010) by 2020.[130]. The journey is around 55 minutes. The Metropolitan Line goes all the way to Buckinghamshire (Image: Nilfanion - created using Ordnance Survey data) Jubilee line - 36.2km. Services using former and current main lines, Sub-surface lines (District, Metropolitan, Hammersmith & City and Circle). [301] The project was critically acclaimed, with the Royal Fine Arts Commission describing the project as "an example of patronage at its best and most enlightened", and two stations shortlisted for the Stirling Prize. Passengers intending to travel into or out of London Victoria station over the Easter weekend are being advised to plan ahead, with line [250], In November 2011 it was reported that 80 people had died by suicide in the previous year on the London Underground, up from 46 in 2000. Part closure. In the original Tube design, trains passing through close fitting tunnels act as pistons to create air pressure gradients between stations. WebSearch for Tube station or line (e.g. [334] In 2016, British composer Daniel Liam Glyn released his concept album Changing Stations based on the 11 main tube lines of the London Underground network.[335]. [283] The Metropolitan Railway's original seven stations were inspired by Italianate designs, with the platforms lit by daylight from above and by gas lights in large glass globes. 49 stations. The study had showed that, with new generation trains and re-signalling: The project is estimated to cost 16.42 billion (9.86billion at 2013 prices). [180] The first 'comb' type escalator was installed in 1924 at Clapham Common. [11] In addition, the Underground does not cover most southern parts of Greater London, and there are only 33 Underground stations south of the River Thames. [37] Ironically, the term Tube was later adopted alongside the Underground. [214] Since 2010, the Freedom Pass has included an embedded holder's photograph; it lasts five years between renewals. The shortest, at Stratford, gives a vertical rise of 4.1 metres (13ft). [1] The Circle, District, Hammersmith & City, and Metropolitan lines form the sub-surface network, with railway tunnels just below the surface and of a similar size to those on British main lines, converging on a circular bi-directional loop around zone 1. [291] Harry W. Ford was responsible for the design of at least 17 UERL and District Railway stations, including Barons Court and Embankment, and claimed to have first thought of enlarging the U and D in the UNDERGROUND wordmark. These would be used to increase frequencies and cover the Battersea extension on the Northern line.[153]. WebGreater London is served by 11 Tube lines, along with the Docklands Light Railway (DLR), the London Overground, the Elizabeth line and National Rail services. [23] The world's first underground railway, it opened in January 1863 between Paddington and Farringdon using gas-lit wooden carriages hauled by steam locomotives. On 19 August 2016, London Underground launched a 24-hour service on the Victoria and Central lines with plans in place to extend this to the Piccadilly, Northern and Jubilee lines starting on Friday morning and continuing right through until Sunday evening. Hammersmith & City: Hammersmith. To enable this up to 50 additional trains will be built in addition to the current 106 1995 stock. District: Ealing Common, Lillie Bridge Depot, Upminster. The New Tube for London, which will replace the trains for the Bakerloo, Central, Waterloo and City and Piccadilly lines, is planned to have air conditioning for the new trains along with better energy conservation and regenerative braking.[129][171][172]. Circle: Hammersmith. Northern, 7.0m per mile. In 2020, passenger numbers fell significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic and 40 stations were temporarily closed. 26. [212] Residents born before 1951 were eligible after their 60th birthday, whereas those born in 1955 will need to wait until they are 66. This has the effect of reducing laminar airflow by 94%. Hammersmith & City: Hammersmith. WebWhat is the least busiest Tube line in London? The alterations to the ventilation system are important, not only to heat exchange, but also the quality of the air at platform level, particularly given its asbestos content. If you want, you can view the entire London tube map, one page with all the lines grouped together (but separate, one by one), or you can view other lines at the same time. Published 5th Apr 2023, 10:38 BST. WebUnderground: Tube lines are identified with different solid colours and a single thick line. This line is important in this project because it currently provides a less frequent service than other lines. Access from platform to train at some stations can be assisted using a boarding ramp operated by staff, and a section has been raised on some platforms to reduce the step. The Metropolitan line operates express services, known as "fast" or "semi-fast", which do not stop at certain stations, thus decreasing total travelling time and increasing capacity. [284] Early District Railway stations were similar and on both railways the further from central London the station the simpler the construction. For a list of the stations on the system, see. For the album by Herbie Mann, see, "Tube station" redirects here. As of 2021, the record for fastest completion was held by Steve Wilson (UK) and Andi James (Finland), who completed the challenge in 15 hours, 45 minutes and 38 seconds on 21 May 2015. [100] The railway opened as the Elizabeth line in May 2022. [72], On 1 January 1970 responsibility for public transport within Greater London passed from central government to local government, in the form of the Greater London Council (GLC), and the London Transport Board was abolished. [321][322] By the time London Transport was formed in 1933 the UERL was considered a patron of the arts[314] and over 1000 works were commissioned in the 1930s, such as the cartoon images of Charles Burton and Kauffer's later abstract cubist and surrealist images. Part closure. London Underground has been known as the Tube since 1890 due to the shape of the tunnels. [232], The standard issue tube map indicates stations that are step-free from street to platforms. [228], Accessibility for people with limited mobility was not considered when most of the system was built, and before 1993 fire regulations prohibited wheelchairs on the Underground. Opened in 1863. The typesetters P22 developed today's electronic version, sometimes called TfL Johnston, in 1997. [60] After work restarted on the Central line extensions in east and west London, these were completed in 1949. WebE uston rail station will be closed for four days and there will be no Elizabeth line trains in central London over the Easter holidays. [59] Following bombing in 1940, passenger services over the West London line were suspended, leaving Olympia exhibition centre without a railway service until a District line shuttle from Earl's Court began after the war. [282], An early form of the roundel as used on the platform at Ealing Broadway, The form used today outside Westminster tube station, Roundel and "way out" arrow on a platform at Bethnal Green station, Michael Craig-Martin's 2016 roundel design, NO SMOKING signs using the roundel which are present only on the 1972 stock trains of the Bakerloo line, Seventy of the 272 London Underground stations use buildings that are on the Statutory List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest, and five have entrances in listed buildings. A little tip I got from a poster on here that saved me time was, at Heathrow airport get on the rear of the rear underground coach and at Kings Cross you are right next to the exit leading to Kings Cross Station. [61], During the war many tube stations were used as air-raid shelters. [7] The network has expanded to 11 lines, and in 2020/21 was used for 296million passenger journeys,[8] making it one of the world's busiest metro systems. The Northern line operates at roughly 8-minute intervals between Morden and Camden Town via Charing Cross, and at 15-minute intervals between Camden Town and Edgware and between Camden Town and High Barnet. [195] There are nine zones with zone 1 being the central zone, which includes the loop of the Circle line with a few stations to the south of River Thames. These were all delivered by 2017. [207] In March 2012 the cost of this in the previous year to travellers was 66.5million. [94] In 2013, the Underground celebrated its 150th anniversary, with celebratory events such as steam trains and installation of a unique Labyrinth artwork at each station.[95]. Over 28 stations will have lifts installed over the next 10 years, bringing the total of step-free stations to over 100. Bakerloo, 7.7m per mile. Steps at street level between stations including National Rail (Zones 1 Save. [137][138], In 2019, the Canary Wharf Group suggested the construction of a new rail line between Euston and Canary Wharf, to improve connections to the future High Speed 2 railway. 26. "Tube line" redirects here. Public rapid transit system in London, UK, This article is about the rapid transit system in London. Lewisham used to be served by the East London line (stations at New Cross and New Cross Gate). Use our travel tools to check your travel. Central: Hainault, Ruislip, White City. Victoria, 15.1m per mile. Northern, 7.0m per mile. As at 19 March 2013[update] there had been 310days since the last major incident,[247] when a passenger had died after falling on the track. 41miles (66 km) long. Two platforms serve the subsurface Circle, Hammersmith & City and Metropolitan lines with the remaining six platforms are deep Tube lines of the Northern, Piccadilly and Victoria lines with two platforms each. In the 2010s, the 18.8bn Crossrail project built a new eastwest railway tunnel under central London. Waterloo & City, 10.6m per mile. London Underground has been known as the Tube since 1890 due to the shape of the tunnels. The trains often break down, have to be withdrawn from service at short notice and at times are not available when required, leading to gaps in service at peak times. [189], This partially changed in March 2020, when 4G signal was made available on parts of the Jubilee line, between Westminster and Canning Town, throughout the stations and tunnels. [104][105] Sixteen Underground stations are outside London region, eight on the Metropolitan line and eight on the Central line. Metropolitan line - 66.7km. The 11 lines collectively handle up to 5million passenger journeys a day and serve 272 stations. Piccadilly, 4.7m per mile. Major work is to be undertaken on the fleet to ensure their continued reliability with brakes, traction control systems, doors, automatic control systems being repaired or replaced, among other components. Central, 5.7m per mile. [73], On 28 February 1975, a southbound train on the Northern City Line failed to stop at its Moorgate terminus and crashed into the wall at the end of the tunnel, in the Moorgate tube crash. The extension was privately funded, with contributions from developments across the Battersea Power Station, Vauxhall and Nine Elms areas. A little tip I got from a poster on here that saved me time was, at Heathrow airport get on the rear of the rear underground coach and at Kings Cross you are right next to the exit leading to Kings Cross Station. [312], Early advertising posters used various letter fonts. WebThe London Underground, also known as the Tube, is a public transportation system that serves the Greater London area. During March 2023, the Northern Line became the latest Tube line to see the arrival of Vodafone 5G at Archway and Tufnell Park stations, It is great that Vodafone customers are now able to benefit again from free WiFi at London Underground stations, which has been a massive benefit for those using the Tube for more than 10 years. The line opened in 196871 with the trains being driven automatically and magnetically encoded tickets collected by automatic gates gave access to the platforms. For others, see, Underground Electric Railways Company era, The Metropolitan and District railways joint inner circle service started in the shape of a horseshoe, a complete loop was formed in 1884. Steps at street level between stations including National Rail (Zones 1 During March 2023, the Northern Line became the latest Tube line to see the arrival of Vodafone 5G at Archway and Tufnell Park stations, It is great that Vodafone customers are now able to benefit again from free WiFi at London Underground stations, which has been a massive benefit for those using the Tube for more than 10 years. [146][147], The eighty-six 1973 stock trains that operate on the Piccadilly line are some of the most reliable trains on the London Underground. Of these, five (Amersham, Chalfont & Latimer, Chesham, and Chorleywood on the Metropolitan line, and Epping on the Central line), are beyond the M25 London Orbital motorway. Three South Western Railway passenger trains a day use District Line tracks between Wimbledon and East Putney. [173] Often, electronic signs have their flat surface at right angles to the main air flow, causing choked flow. [129] Since 1999 all new stock has had to comply with accessibility regulations that require such things as access and room for wheelchairs, and the size and location of door controls. [40], Yerkes soon had control of the District Railway and established the Underground Electric Railways Company of London (UERL) in 1902 to finance and operate three tube lines, the Baker Street and Waterloo Railway (Bakerloo), the Charing Cross, Euston and Hampstead Railway (Hampstead) and the Great Northern, Piccadilly and Brompton Railway, (Piccadilly), which all opened between 1906 and 1907. During air raids in 1915 people used the tube stations as shelters. The words "London Transport" were added inside the ring, above and below the bar. [262] Although Fred H. Stingemore enlarged the central area of the map, it was Harry Beck who took this further by distorting geography and simplifying the map so that the railways appeared as straight lines with equally spaced stations. WebMetropolitan Line. WebPDF 581KB. [229] The stations on the Jubilee Line Extension, opened in 1999, were the first stations on the system designed with accessibility in mind, but retrofitting accessibility features to the older stations is a major investment that is planned to take over twenty years. [45], A joint marketing agreement between most of the companies in the early years of the 20th century included maps, joint publicity, through ticketing and UNDERGROUND signs, incorporating the first bullseye symbol,[37] outside stations in Central London. Jubilee: Neasden, Stratford Market. WebExplore London's famous network of Tube stations and easily find your way around town with this handy guide to London Underground stops. This opened in 1890 with electric locomotives that hauled carriages with small opaque windows, nicknamed padded cells. Since then more lines have been [183], There are 426 escalators on the London Underground system and the longest, at 60 metres (200ft), is at Angel. [14] Contactless bank card payments were introduced in 2014,[15] the first such use on a public transport system.[16]. If you want, you can view the entire London tube map, one page with all the lines grouped together (but separate, one by one), or you can view other lines at the same time. [22] To prepare construction, a short test tunnel was built in 1855 in Kibblesworth, a small town with geological properties similar to London. [205] Fares for single journeys are cheaper than paper tickets, and a daily cap limits the total cost in a day to the price of a Day Travelcard. WebThe District Line has the most stations: 60. The line runs 34 trains per hour for half an hour in the morning peak but is unable to operate more frequently because of a lack of additional trains. Part of the Greater London Authority, the TfL Board is appointed by the Mayor of London, who also sets the structure and level of public transport fares in London. The Piccadilly line will be part of the New Tube for London Project. London Underground also plans to add up to an additional 18 trains to the current fleet of 63 trains of 1996 stock. Colour: purple or magenta. WebWhat is the least busiest Tube line in London? However, no funding has been allocated for this proposed extension. 49 stations. [260][261] A new map was published in 1921 without any background details, but the central area was squashed, requiring smaller letters and arrows. [200] Single and return tickets are available in either format, but Travelcards (season tickets) for longer than a day are available only on Oyster cards. The line operates under traditional signalling and does not use Automatic Train Operation. The London Tube has 11 lines: Bakerloo, Central, Circle, District, Hammersmith, Jubilee, Metropolitan, Northern, Piccadilly, Victoria, and Waterloo. Popular legends about the Underground being haunted persist to this day. [333] The Underground has also featured in music such as The Jam's "Down in the Tube Station at Midnight" and in literature such as the graphic novel V for Vendetta. The London Tube has 11 lines: Bakerloo, Central, Circle, District, Hammersmith, Jubilee, Metropolitan, Northern, Piccadilly, Victoria, and Waterloo. [166][167] The main purpose of the London Underground's ventilation fans is to extract hot air from the tunnels,[163] and fans across the network are being refurbished, although complaints of noise from local residents preclude their use at full power at night. A little tip I got from a poster on here that saved me time was, at Heathrow airport get on the rear of the rear underground coach and at Kings Cross you are right next to the exit leading to Kings Cross Station. [186], In mid-2012, London Underground, in partnership with Virgin Media, tried out Wi-Fi hot spots in many stations, but not in the tunnels, that allowed passengers free internet access. The line is predicted to run 30 trains per hour, an increase of up to 50% on the current 21 trains per hour. WebPDF 581KB. Published 5th Apr 2023, 10:38 BST. London Underground has been known as the Tube since 1890 due to the shape of the tunnels. [16] The Underground first started accepting contactless debit and credit cards in September 2014. This resulted in a 40% increase in capacity between Seven Sisters and Walthamstow Central. The service operates on the: The Jubilee, Piccadilly and Victoria lines, and the Central line between White City and Leytonstone, operate at 10-minute intervals. An example is Green Park tube station, where false ceiling panels attached to metal frames have been installed that reduce the above-head airspace diameter by more than half in many parts. For London Underground passengers, research suggests that transfers are highly costly in terms of walk and wait times. As with the Victoria line, the service frequency is planned to increase to 36 trains per hour. Yes, there are many stations in London connecting most parts of the UK directly. [65][66][67] Under the same act, the country's main line railways were also nationalised, and their reconstruction was given priority over the maintenance of the Underground and most of the unfinished plans of the pre-war New Works Programme were shelved or postponed. Installed over the next 10 years, bringing the total of step-free stations over! Parallel lines ( = ) map indicates stations that are step-free from street to platforms original Tube,!, bringing the total of step-free stations to over 100 ] Robyn Denny designed the murals on the surface and., Early advertising posters used various letter fonts your way around town with this handy guide to London,! 1996 stock = ) used as air-raid shelters ventilation between platforms and the surface exits the! 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